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Bipolar Disorder
by Patty Pheil M.S.W.
Genes play a large role in the etiology of bipolar
disorder - approximately 50% have relatives with this disorder. If both of
your parents have this disorder your chances are 75%. If you have a family
member who has the bipolar disorder you are also at risk of developing
unipolar disorder.
In addition to drug treatment, ECT (electroconvulsive
therapy) is used for depression and mania when medications do not work.
Also bright light has been used for a seasonal form of
winter depression.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used for
bipolar disorder.
Bipolar disorder rarely comes without other disorders. As
we take a look at the affective spectrum, we see that many disorders are
included and it is common for people to have one or many additional
disorders.
The following have been identified (so far) as part of the medical
spectrum which may accompany affective disorders.
- attention deficit disorder (ADD & ADHD)
- body dysmorphic disorder
- cataplexy
- eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia, binging)
- fibromyalgia (includes chronic fatigue)
- impulse-control disorders
- irritable bowel syndrome
- kleptomania
- migraine/severe headache
- narcolepsy
- obsessive-compulsive disorder
- panic disorder
- Tourette's disorder
The following may also be a part of the spectrum accompanying affective
disorders.
- anxiety disorders
- autism
- chronic pain
- intermittent explosive disorder
- pathological gambling
- pyromania
- personality disorders
- post traumatic stress disorder
- substance abuse and addiction (includes alcoholism)
- trichotillomania
All disorders must be diagnosed and treated.
Therapy such as cognitive therapy is particularly helpful in working
through one's life and group therapy with this population is also
particularly helpful. Studies has shown that this form of therapy has
reduced the number of hospitalizations and failed marriages.
A "bad childhood" has nothing to do with developing bipolar
disorder. However families are encouraged to become involved with the
patient's treatment plan and become educated about the disorder.
Recently a study revealed that out of people that were hospitalized due
to mania or mixed episodes, 50% were symptom free a year later. However
25% of that had a satisfactory job and family life. Another study revealed
that four years later one third were supporting themselves by working.
REFERENCES
Harvard Mental Health Letter
April 2001
May 2001
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